Slow, repetitive, or twisting movements, known as dystonia, may occur after brain injury. Though the exact cause is unclear, researchers believe dystonia results from damage
Depending on the location and severity of one’s traumatic brain injury (TBI), individuals may experience a wide variety of secondary effects. Because no two brain
Following a severe traumatic brain injury, individuals may experience neurostorming (also called paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity). Neurostorming involves a sudden and exaggerated stress response as a
Following a concussion or mild traumatic brain injury, individuals may experience muscle weakness. Fortunately, the effects of most concussions are temporary and resolve on their
Abnormal posturing is a common outcome of severe brain injury. It refers to involuntary and abnormal positioning of the body due to preserved motor reflexes.
Contractures are a common secondary complication of brain injury. They limit joint movement and can interfere with activities of daily living. Without appropriate management, tight
A coma refers to a state of deep unconsciousness that can occur after a brain injury. When an individual is comatose, they do not show
Attention problems are a common secondary effect of brain injury. They can make it challenging to complete everyday tasks, maintain conversations, and affect your performance
Incontinence refers to the involuntary loss of bladder and/or bowel control. It is a common secondary effect of brain injury that can affect one’s independence
Aphasia is a communication disorder that affects one’s ability to produce or understand language. It is most commonly associated with damage to the left hemisphere,
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